Locking systems - Security glossary

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Locking systems

Security glossary: Locking systems

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Active tumbler	See "Pin tumbler"

Additional lock	An additional lock is understood as any type of additional, usually retrofittable security lock for windows, French windows and doors.

Adjustable key set	Also known as: Master key set Keys whose notches are all designed with a notch value. The keys for all the notch values are combined to form a set. They are used for key cutting to a code.

Adjusting piece	Calibration stone for measuring and testing devices.

Anti-pull protection	Additional equipment feature for cylinders to prevent a cylinder from being removed, e.g. using the so-called "corkscrew method". This anti-pulling protection is frequently incorporated in the security fittings by means of complete cylinder cover.

Application class	The application class is the first digit of the eight-digit coding pattern specified by DIN EN 1303. Class 1 is widely used for users who require thorough protection in situations where there is little likelihood of misuse.

Assembly buckle	The assembly buckle is a special tool for holding down the housing pins while assembling profile cylinders. Assembly buckles can be made entirely from wire or from wire/sheet metal. There are assembly buckles for profile cylinders, for lever cylinders, for padlocks and for the various types of round cylinders.

Assembly hook for filler pin	Tool for working with filler pins. The assembly hook enables the pins and springs to be pushed into the filler pin first and then from the filler pin into the housing.

Asymmetric cylinder	This refers to lock cylinders that have inner and outer sides of different lengths.

Attack resistance	Attack resistance as defined by DIN EN 1303 indicates how resistant a lock cylinder is to heavy mechanical attacks that leave traces. Cylinders are grouped in classes 0 to 2. Types of attack include drilling out, chiselling, stripping or pulling out the cylinder and twisting the cylinder. The test is conducted by an accredited testing institute, which must confirm that the classes specified by the manufacturer are complied with.

BHE	Bundesverband der Hersteller und Errichterfirmen für Sicherheitssysteme e. V., (German Federal Association of Manufacturer and Installation Companies for Security Systems), based in Dittweiler.

Blind cylinder	Blind cylinders are profile cylinders for locking door openings with a standard design.

Blocking mechanism	Blocking mechanisms are registered individual locking mechanisms for one or more cylinders with a security card

Blocking rib	Raised profile element in a key profile which operates the locking ball

Bolt lock	See "Oval-shaped cylinder bolt lock"

Boring out protection	Also known as: drilling protection, drilling out protection Included in the cylinder core and/or cylinder housing are additional elements made of hardened special steel or carbide metal, to make it difficult to drill out the cylinder. These elements can have a rigid mounting or be used in the form of core pins and housing pins.

Bow	See "Key bow"

Breakage protection	Design measure that prevents a cylinder from breaking off in the area of the threaded bore (e.g. by using a lock cracker) or makes it significantly more difficult to break in this way. These measures can include predetermined breaking points, which allow the cylinder to break at a different point.

Breakaway protection	Breakaway protection refers to protecting the lock cylinder against being pulled out or broken away using special tools. The cylinder can be protected by various design features or using a protective fitting.

Can be closed on both sides	See "Emergency and hazard function"

Carbide metal bridge	See "Drilling protection bridge"

Case front	The case front is the visible part of the mortise lock when opening the door. The catch bolt, latch and case front screw are located on the case front.

Case front screw	Means of attachment with which a profile cylinder can be fastened to a case. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Case lock	The case lock is an extra door lock for front doors or entrance doors to flats, in which – depending on the design – various round cylinders are integrated.

Catch bolt	The catch bolt is a locking element which locks the door when the lock is operated.

CEN	Comité Européen de Normalisation, European Committee for Standardization, seated in Brussels.

Central locking system (CL system)	Locking system in which several different individual keys or several central lock cylinders perform the locking operation. For example, all entrance doors to flats in a block of flats have a lock cylinder with different locking mechanisms and their own key. In the doors used jointly by all house occupants – entrance door, yard entrance, attic and cellar doors – normally locks with one-key lock cylinders are installed. All house occupants use their house key to lock not only their own flat entrance door, but also the shared doors equipped with central lock cylinders. It is not possible however, for the house occupant to use the key to enter someone else's flat. It is possible to include e.g. garage, cellar rooms and letter boxes in the central locking system. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Clamping aid	Special moulded clamping tool that enables milling of key indents on keys with complicated profile cross-sections or indents on both sides, when the key cannot be clamped by clamping jaws with parallel faces. Two clamping aids are always required for profiling.

Clamping jaw	A clamping jaw, which usually has clamping surfaces with parallel faces, fastens the key in place when cutting key incisions. However, several systems require clamping jaws with special profiled clamping surfaces.

Clip-type rosette	Profile-cylinder shaped plastic rosette for fitting to end pieces of the universal blind cylinder. Available in twelve colours.

Clutch driver	Also known as: driver The clutch driver is a component that is fitted to the back of the special lock cylinder. The clutch driver transfers the key's locking movement to the catch bolt.

Code rod	The code rod is a tool for adjusting the various notch depths of key-cutting machines.

Color	Requirements of design and functional reliability involve coating the surface of the finished component. Different materials require the use of different technologies: Standard colour for brass: galvanized nickel Customized colour for brass: galvanized chrome, brass-coloured (electro-polished, with tempering protection), gold imitation, matt gold, antique bronze Standard colour for aluminium: anodized F2 (nickel silver) Customized colour for aluminium: anodized F1 (natural-colour), F3 (gold-colour), F4 (bronze)

Construction cylinder	Profile double-cylinder or half-cylinder with lock-in position, which is used in construction and to seal cylinder apertures. These cylinders can usually be locked with almost any kind of key, regardless of the particular make.

Core	See "Cylinder-core"

Core extension	Also known as: cylinder core extension To use profile cylinders that are longer than the standard length, the cylinder cores are extended with a core extension to the dimension required.

Core pin	Pins located in the cylinder core usually with truncated cone shaped head in different lengths and materials. In combination with indents on the key, the locking level is generated once the key is fully inserted into the cylinder, enabling the core to be turned. Special shapes of core pins are created by milling or with indentations.

Contour profile	Patented multiple paracentric special profile for a vertical key guide, notched on one side. The key shank has an offset profile contour, which is resistant to picking.

Conventional locking systems	This term generally refers to mechanical locking systems that have notch-shaped key indents milled into them.

Corrosion protection	See "Seawater resistance"

Corrosion resistance	This is the sixth digit of the eight-digit coding pattern specified by DIN EN 1303. Profile cylinders are grouped into four classes in combination with temperature resistance: Class 0, A, B and C

Coupling	Component in a lock cylinder that permanently connects the cylinder core operated by the key with the lock bit. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Coupling rod	Flat steel-plate rod on the back of a special cylinder, which is fitted with the locks provided. The coupling rod transfers the key's locking movement to the locking mechanism.

Cross bar	See "High-security catch bolt"

Crowns	See "Dimples"

Cutaway model	A cutaway model is a sample cylinder that makes the function and mode of operation of the individual parts inside the cylinder visible by means of lateral, elongated milles recesses.

Cylinder bit	See "Locking bit"

Cylinder coloration	Colored version of a profile cylinder, see "Colors"

Cylinder core	Also known as: core, roller Lock cylinder component that moves when the appropriate key is used. (Wording as per DIN EN 1303)

Cylinder core extension	See "Core extension"

Cylinder core head groove	The core head groove is the vertical milled recess of the cylinder core head into which the key shank fits; it also improves the transmission of torque.

Cylinder cover	Additional security element with security fitting. Protects outside (=attack side) of lock cylinder against being drilled open and broken off.

Cylinder dimension	The distance from the centre of the case front screw to the outside of the door fittings is measured to determine the optimum length of the lock cylinder. Note: See "Cylinder excess length"!

Cylinder extension	This is the gradual adaptation (in 5mm steps) of the cylinder length to the respective door thickness in combination with the fittings.

Cylinder housing	The cylinder housing is the part of a lock cylinder that encases the cylinder core and all the related components.

Cylinder excess length	Dimension by which the cylinder protrudes beyond the outside security fitting. The permissible excess length specified by DIN 18252 is +/- 3mm. This requirement can easily be met by using the normal extension spacing of 5 mm.

Cylinder length	The cylinder length is the distance from the outside (front side) to the inside (front side) of profile cylinders.

Cylinder system	System with certain properties for meeting defined security requirements. Systems are differentiated by the profile forms, the number of tumbler levels, the number of tumblers, the patent criteria and the ease of assembly.

Design pin	Also known as: plate An additional blocking element is integrated into the pin tumbler, which enables more than one key to be assigned to the profile cylinder (wording as in DIN EN 1303). Cylinders with design pins are used in locking systems to enable superior keys and a central cylinder to function. These cylinders can contain several design pins.

Diabol pins	Also known as: dumbbell-shaped pin Name for housing pins with a special shape, which appear to be a locking level when picking the lock by tipping it on its side. As per DIN 18252 two pins with these properties must be used on each locking side. The pins resemble a dumbbell.

Dimple	Also known as: crown, side drill-hole Dimples have truncated cone-shaped milled slots, usually on the key face, which are read in the same way as the key indentations of mobile tumblers.

Dimple key system	Locking cylinder type, the key for which works primarily with dimples

DIN	Deutsches Institut für Normung, (German Institute for Standardization) based in Berlin.

Door dimensions	This is the third digit of the eight-digit coding pattern as specified by DIN EN 1303. There are no requirements as far as door dimensions are concerned. Therefore only one class is specified for door dimensions: Class 0.

Door directions	Left outwards and right inwards = DIN left Right outwards and left inwards = DIN right

Double cylinders	These cylinders are used most widely – they can be locked on both sides using appropriate keys. Available in different housing profile models.

Drilling protection	See "Boring out protection"

Drilling protection bridge	Also known as: hard metal bridge, drilling protection plate The drilling protection bridge is a U-shaped hard metal bridge, which is integrated into the cylinder core. It provides excellent drilling protection.

Dummy core	The dummy core is a cylinder core without a profile. This is used in our express service cylinders. It is used to keep the previously assembled parts (core and key extensions, coupling, lock bit and housing pins) in the cylinder housing in place. If the cylinder is self-assembled, the dummy core is replaced by a profiled core.

Duplicate key	A duplicate key is a copy of a key.

Dust cap	See "Rain protection rosette"

Effective variation	Specific variation in which mobile tumblers between identical design locking cylinders ensure that every locking cylinder can only be locked using the associated key. The number of effective variations is equal to the number of theoretical variations minus both those restricted by the manufacturer for technical reasons and those restricted by EN1303 – 4.8.4. (wording as per DIN EN 1303)

Elevator cylinder	Profile half-cylinder or round cylinder, specifically for installation in elevators.

Emergency and hazard function	See Hazard function

Express service cylinder	These profile cylinders contain all the essential parts that are required for self-assembly of a lock/a locking system cylinder from the standard, Z14, V14, Y14 and W14 systems. The lock cylinders are equipped with a dummy core without any profile. To convert to a special locking system, the dummy core must be replaced by a profiled cylinder core. Individual parts such as core and key extension, coupling, lock bit and housing pinning are already assembled at the factory. Only the core pins and the spring washers have to be added.

Extension	See Core extension or key extension

Extension module	The extension module is a modular component inside the cylinder. It contains a housing and core extension, and it is available in 5-mm gradations.

Factory profile	Key profiles that are reserved solely for factory-manufactured locking systems. For locking systems with factory profiles, no data (pinning, notch values etc.) is sent to the customer, the manufacturer alone has the right to pin cylinders (possibly for locking system extensions) and to cut keys. These profiles do not contain any key blanks for specialized dealers. (In contrast to proprietary profiles)

Filler piece	The filler piece is a component in the modular cylinder. It is used to define the profile cylinder outline on the central groove and it is mounted to the module bar. It also secures the housing extension against any axial displacement.

Filler pin	The filler pin is a special tool made of steel or brass for filing the cylinder housing with housing pins and pressure adjusting springs.

Fire door	The fire door is a DIN-tested component, which can withstand fire for a specified period of time. Depending on resilience, the doors are given various fire ratings.

Fire protection fitting	This refers to an approved protective fitting for fire protection doors in accordance with DIN 18273 (fire test) and DIN 18257 (burglar test).

Fire service trihedral bolt head	The fire service trihedral bolt head is a special knob that complies with DIN 3223, which is mounted to the profile cylinder and which can be operated using a special trihedral bolt key.

Fire resistance	Lock cylinders must have passed the test specified by DIN EN 1634-1 (complete door). It is not necessary for the lock cylinder to be able to operate after the fire test. A profile cylinder made of brass is generally categorized as Class 1. This number corresponds to the fourth digit of the eight-digit coding pattern, as specified by DIN EN 1303.

Flat profile	Flat profile designates a patented, multiple paracentric special profile for a vertical key guide, notched on one side and optionally with crowns. Flat profiles are used in the standard system.

Free-running function	Function which, when a key is removed, causes both cylinder cores of the profile double cylinder to make a free-running connection with the lock bit. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

French casement bolt with revolving rods	Furniture lock that is locked by means of revolving rods in at least two points of the furniture door. A French casement bolt with revolving rods consists of a case, revolving rods and the closing hook (grab hook). The closing hooks are attached at the top and bottom ends of the revolving rod. They fasten behind the catch bolt. They are screwed into the upper and lower floor of the furniture item.

Friction clutch	The friction clutch enables unlocking even when the knob is being held. The friction clutch integrated into the knob is released when a torque of 1.5 Nm is exceeded, which ensures that the key performs its essential locking function.

Furniture cylinder	A furniture cylinder is a round cylinder for a special catch bolt or French casement bolt with revolving rod locks, used in office furniture and cabinets.

Gap gauge for core pin lengths	The gap gauge is a tool for determining the length of the core pins. However, it does not indicate the length itself, but only the type designation for the core pin.

Gauge for dimple depths	The gauge for dimple depths is a device for measuring the exact crown depth of a key.

Gauge for incision depths	Test device for determining the notch depth for a non-documented key. The gauge cannot be used to measure the exact notch depth! The gauge for incision depths is a device for measuring the exact notch depth on a key. An adjusting piece is used to calibrate the gauge. The comparative values in the table provided enable a quick check to be made to see if the notch lies within the permissible tolerance limits. However, it is not possible to measure the entire notch because it is not possible to determine the key stop.

General master key	A general master key (GHS key) is the key in the top level of the hierarchy of a general master locking system. It locks all the keys in such a locking system. In contrast to the master key system however, one or more group keys are involved here.

General master key system (GHS system)	Locking system whose functions are extended with the aid of a general master key main group key and/or group key compared to the functions of a master key system. The lock cylinders of a general master key system are combined to form several groups. Each group is locked by a group key. It is possible to unite one or more groups to form a main group. All the lock cylinders in a main group can then be opened by a main group key. Usually, the general master key operates all the lock cylinders in this system; a lock cylinder with its own locking mechanism and its own keys can be installed in each door. It is possible to combine central locking systems and master key or general master key systems. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Guide key	Special key for calibrating measuring devices. Important: Not to be confused with adjusting key!

Gradation	Smallest rated dimensional difference between different key incisions.

Group key	A group key (GS) is a superior key in a general master locking system. It locks all the cylinders in the group assigned to it.

Half-cylinder	The half-cylinder is a lock cylinder with only one locking side. At ABUS Pfaffenhain, the standard length for a 5-pin system is 25.5 mm/9.8 mm and for a 6-pin system 30.5/9.8 mm.

Hazard function	Also known as: emergency and hazard function Function that enables a profile double cylinder to be locked from the opposite side using a second key, despite a key being inserted and turned on one side. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Hazard function with freewheel	Combination of free-running function and hazard function

Hazard key function	Function that enables locking to be performed with the hazard key – on the opposite side – when a profile double cylinder already has a key inserted into it and it is turned. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

High-security catch bolt/High-security catch bolt lock	The high-security catch bolt lock is a double catch bolt lock, which extends on the inside across the entire width of the door. It locks on the left and right into lock cases anchored in the brickwork. It is an effective protective measure for doors. Both the opening side and the hinge side have solid protection. High-security catch bolts represent a major deterrent.

High-strength drilling protection	Defined class for drilling protection for profile cylinders in accordance with ABUS Pfaffenhain factory standard. In addition to the standard drilling protection each locking side has two hardened steel pins inserted into the cylinder core and the housing, as well as a 1mm thick carbide metal needle pin on the face side of the housing for additional protection of the housing springs.

Housing	See "Cylinder housing"

Housing pin	The cylinder housing contains pins of different materials, shapes and sizes. They block the lock level when the key is removed

Housing spring	See "Pressure adjusting spring"

Improved drilling protection	Specific class of protection against drilling in accordance with the ABUS Pfaffenhain factory standard. In addition to the standard drilling protection, two hardened steel pins are inserted into the cylinder core and the housing on each locking side.

Indexing cylinder	These are round cylinders for switching electrical devices using a special driver.

Inlet crown	See Sloping and lifting surfaces

Interior stop	Also known as: internal stop Patented feature of several high-grade locking systems in which the key no longer impacts with the cylinder core head, but rather with a concealed stop located inside the cylinder. The special groove which is required in the key to activate the interior stop is also patented technology.

ISO	International Organization for Standardization, based in Geneva.

Key	Separate device that matches the lock cylinder and operates it mechanically. (Wording as per DIN EN 1303)

Key blank	Key blanks are keys that have already been equipped with a key profile, but which do not yet have any key incisions

Key bow	also known as: key head The key bow is the part of the key that is held in the hand during the locking/unlocking procedure.

Key button	A key button is a special cylinder that contains one or more buttons with solder terminals on the back and that usually has only one key removal position. The button is operated as long as the key is turned against the stop in the cylinder.

Key cap	A key cap is a plastic bow and it is used to enhance the visual difference between the keys. Available in different shapes and colours it also improves handling.

Key capture	Also known as: ball countersink, cone countersink Term given to the funnel-shaped milled cut on a cylinder core head for easier insertion of the key into the cylinder core

Key cross section	See "Key profile"

Key depot	Device for supporting organization of locking systems to prevent keys from being lost within the locking system. A specific key locks a mechanism thereby enabling a second key to be removed. This specific key can only be removed again, however, when the second key is replaced in the mechanism. The mechanism can, for example, take the form of two lever cylinders, which are linked to each other with counter-rotating gear wheels.

Key dimple	See "Dimples"

Key extension	A key extension is a component used for bridging the gap between the tip of the key and the coupling in extended profile cylinders.

Key fixture	See "Clamping jaw"

Key fob	A key fob is a plastic tag with space for a label, which is connected to a single key using a key ring.

Key incision	See "Steps"

Key notch	See "Steps"

Key profile	Also known as: key cross section Cross-sectional shape of the key shank that is inserted into the cylinder core's keyway. Key profile series in locking systems enable the insertion of various key profiles into the keyway of a profile cylinder as well as the insertion of a key profile into the keyways of different profile cylinders. (Wording as per DIN EN 1303)

Key-removal position	This describes the position of the cylinder core, in which the key can be removed. Several key-removal positions are possible in special cylinders, but this may be associated with restrictions to locking systems.

Key shank	The key shank designates the part of the key that contains the profile and the key incisions

Key strength	Specification of minimum load bearing capacity for a key under DIN EN 1303. The key is inserted fully into the cylinder core and loaded for a period of 5 s with a torque of 2.5 Nm +/- 0.1 Nm with locked lock bit. After this, the key must be able to apply a maximum torque load of 1.5 Nm to the cylinder.

Key tip	The key tip is the end of the key shank. The key tip is normally used to operate the coupling. Additional features for technical protection against copying, such as the inner stop groove, can be positioned on the tip of the key.

Key switch	A key switch is a special cylinder that contains one or more switches with solder terminals on the back. The number of key removal positions generally corresponds to the number of switch positions

Keyway	The keyway refers to the opening in the lock cylinder core for locating the key. The keyway has a profiled cross section to guide the key into position accurately. The insertion of an unauthorised key is prevented by different profiles.

Knob	Also known as: rotary knob A knob is usually a permanently fixed operating handle connected through the knob shaft with the lock bit, which is available in different designs, materials and colours.

Knob shaft	Knob-type cylinders are profile cylinders, that can be operated on at least one side using the knob.

Knob-type cylinder	Knob-type cylinders are profile cylinders, that can be operated on at least one side using a knob.

Knob-type cylinder with friction clutch	See "Friction clutch"

Knob-type cylinder with lockable knob	Knob-type cylinders with a lockable knob are a special form of knob-type cylinders. Integrated into the knob is a locking mechanism, by means of which the lock bit is permanently connected to the knob when locked.

Latch	A latch is a lock cylinder driver. Latches are available in different models.

Lever	The lever is part of the lever cylinder that acts as a catch bolt (e.g. letter box).

Lever cylinder	Also known as: lever lock, letter box cylinder Lever cylinders are lock cylinders used for locking sheet metal doors, e.g. for letter boxes or steel cabinets. Located on the cylinder is the lever, which is moved to the open and closed position by the rotational movement of the key and which acts directly as a catch bolt. Generally, the key can only be removed when in the locking position (positive locking).

Lever shape	Because of the many different applications a lever (for a lever cylinder) can be adapted to different lengths, sizes, offsets and shapes.

Lockbase	Lockbase is a software package for creating, calculating and managing locking systems.

Lock bit	Also known as: locking bolt, driver The lock bit is part of a cylinder that couples with the cylinder core when the key is turned and then operates the lock's bolt mechanism

Lock bit position	Also known as: locking bolt position Standard profile double cylinders are supplied so that the lock bit is turned 32° away from the 6 o'clock position. Care should always be taken during installation to ensure that the lock bit is aligned with the door hinges. The rotated position means that the cylinder can only be removed with the proper key. For profile half cylinders the lock bit is set to 6 o'clock as standard, but it can also be set to a 45° position

Lock cylinder	Mechanism that is normally separate from the associated lock and is operated by a key.

Lock cylinder function	Inserting the appropriate key into the cylinder core's keyway presses the blocking organs of the lock cylinder, pin tumblers (consisting of core pins, housing pins and pressure adjusting springs), to one level, thereby releasing a parting plane between the cylinder core and the cylinder housing. This enables the cylinder core to be turned with the inserted key. The cylinder's lock bit operates the bolt mechanism of the associated lock thereby unlocking the door, window etc. When the key is removed, the pin tumblers are pressed by the pressure adjusting springs onto the hole base of the cylinder core, so that the cylinder core and cylinder housing are locked. This in turn prevents the cylinder core from turning – and therefore the bolt mechanism from being operated.

Lock security	When assessing lock security a representative lock cylinder of a particular type is tested and classified according to six different factors including the minimum number of movable tumblers, the minimum number of effective variations and picking protection. Classification from 1 to 6 provides the seventh digit of the eight-digit coding pattern specified by DIN EN 1303.

Locking ball	Security element in the form of a steel ball located in the cylinder core, which matches a raised blocking rib in the key. If this rib is not present, e.g. with faulty key copies, the spring-loaded housing pin displaces the locking ball when rotated through 135 degrees and the housing pin is permanently engaged.

Locking mechanism	The locking mechanism is a defined arrangement of key indents or holes in the lock cylinder for aligning its tumblers.

Locking plan	The locking plan covers all items in a locking system, primarily: room designation, key number, system type designation, lock cylinder lengths, lock cylinder colours, functional pattern of key/cylinder, number of lock cylinders and the key

Locking system	A locking system is a combination of different lock cylinders that have a specific relation to each other. Depending on the type of system, the locking functions can be bundled and assigned precisely. There are various types of locking systems: central locking systems, master key systems and general master key systems

Lockout groove	See "Cylinder-core head groove"

Lock picking protection	Lock picking protection describes the degree of difficulty involved in operating the lock cylinder using something other than the original key.

Main key	The main key locks all the various lock cylinders within a master key system

Management program for locking systems	See Lockbase

Mandrel dimension	Spacing in door mortise locks. The mandrel dimension is measured from the front edge of the mortise lock to the center of the bolt or the keyhole.

Manipulation protection	Protection against non-destructive methods of opening a lock cylinder. Manipulation protection can be provided in various ways, including a profile contour, tumbler pin shapes, the number of tumblers and special elements.

Master key system (dumbbell-shaped pin system)	Locking system in which a master key can lock all the lock cylinders. The lock cylinders for a master key system are configured so that a single master key can lock and unlock all the lock cylinders in this system. All the doors can have lock cylinders with different locking mechanisms and their own keys. The individual keys fit one lock cylinder only or several locking cylinders simultaneously.

Mechatronic lock cylinder (MC)	Device with an integrated or separate electronic system, which, once a user's authorization has been verified, is used in combination with a lock to operate that lock and which can be replaced by a mechanical lock cylinder that complies with DIN EN 1303 without having to replace any door fittings.

Metra key	The metra key is a key with a plastic bow, which is permanently welded to the key in the factory and which is fitted with a 125-kHz transponder. The plastic bow is available in seven colours.

Milling cutter for dimple keys	This is a truncated cone shaped milling cutter for cutting the dimples.

Minimum order surcharge	The minimum order surcharge is levied for locking system extensions for order quantities of less than eleven cylinders.

Module bar	The module bar is a component in profile cylinders with a modular design and consists of a high-strength beryllium bronze alloy. It is available in different lengths – depending on the length of the profile cylinder. The module bar is used to connect the two halves of the cylinder.

Module cylinder	The module cylinder is a profile cylinder for creating individual cylinder lengths by combining them together, for use on building sites or in express service.

Movable tumblers	Part of a locking cylinder that has to be moved into a specific position using an appropriate key before the key and/or locking cylinder core can move. (Wording as per DIN EN 1303)

Mortise lock	A mortise lock is a lock which is fitted to a pre-cut pocket in a door and it is normally fitted together with a lock cylinder. Available for wood, steel and tubular-frame doors (= tubular-framelock).

Multifunction key	A multifunction key is a measuring instrument with additional functions, with which, on the one hand, the cylinder length can be determined and, on the other hand the lock can then be operated without a built-in cylinder.

Multiple locking system	A multiple locking system is a special door lock that is locked at not just one point, but at several points (classical: catch bolt on case front). Special models of lock bit may be required for this system.

Nickel silver key	Key developed primarily for the lock cylinder manufacturer made of a special nickel silver alloy (62 % copper, 24 % zinc, 13 % nickel and 1 % lead).

Notch depth	Also known as: steps, notch value Depth of indents on the surface of a lock bit or key shank.

Notch value	See Notch depth

Old system surcharge	The old system surcharge is a surcharge on the final price for repeat ordering of existing locking systems. It results from the large outlay involved for documentation, archiving and provision of tools/unfinished parts.

Olive	Olive is the German technical term for a window handle (which is olive-shaped). The knob-shaped handle on cabinets or office furniture is also known as an olive in Germany.

One-key locking	One-key locking refers to a set of cylinders and keys that lock amongst each other, but which all have the same design or the same coding. Cylinders of different types are also possible here.

Operational reliability	This is the fifth digit of the eight-digit coding pattern, specified by DIN EN 1303. Only one class of operational reliability is defined: Class 0: no operational reliability requirements.

Oval-shaped cylinder	Oval-shaped cylinders are cylinders with an oval external contour.

Oval-shaped cylinder bolt lock	This refers to a single-piece lock cylinder with integrated round catch bolt (different lengths), which is operated by a toothed gear. Oval-shaped cylinders do not require a separate case. They are available as double- and half-cylinders.

Padlock	Designation for locks with a clip or bolt for locking, e.g. doors, window blinds, containers with corresponding lugs for fastening the clip or bolt.

Panic function	See "Free-running function"

Paracentric profile	This is the term used for special profiles whose longitudinal profile touches or extends beyond the key's central axis at least twice.

Partner keys	The partner key system designates a piece of special equipment for special cylinders, in which the locking lever position required for unlocking is only achieved by means of the combined use of two sets of keys, which would not be possible if only one type of key was used (e.g. customer/bank employee).

Passive tumbler	A passive tumbler is also known as an unsprung tumbler. Passive tumblers are primarily used in a similar way to profile variation elements to increase the number of effective variations.

Permanence	This is the second digit of the eight-digit coding pattern, specified by DIN EN 1303. After a specific number of test locking cycles, it must still be possible to operate the locking cylinder using an original key, and applying a torque of no more than 1.5 Nm.

Picking	Picking refers to "intelligent opening" of locking mechanisms using special tools. The pin tumblers are pushed down successively using tools similar to pins so that the cylinder core can then rotate.

Pin spring	Part of the pin tumbler

Pin tumbler	Tumbler consisting of core pin, housing pin and pin spring, which is used to ensure that the cylinder core only rotates when the associated key is inserted up to the stop in the keyway. Usually the pin tumblers are arranged in single and multiple rows. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Pinion	See "Lock bit/locking bolt"

Positive locking	The key can only be removed from the cylinder when in locked position (pressure cylinder, lever cylinder, padlock). Padlocks can be supplied optionally with or without positive locking.

Pressure cylinder	Term that refers to special cylinders that contain a locking bit with a locking bolt on the rear, which in turn can perform a defined axial movement. The locking bolt on the rear is used to lock, e.g. sliding doors.

Pressure adjusting spring	Also known as: pin spring, housing spring Part of the pin tumbler. Presses the core pin – housing pin pairing into a position determined by the key or completely into the cylinder core.

Pressure pin	A pressure pin acts as a coupling element for transmitting torque between the cylinder core and the lock bit, which is activated when the key is inserted. The pressure pins are used in knob-type cylinders and cylinders with emergency and hazard function or free-running function.

Profile – double cylinder	See "Double cylinder"

Proprietary profile	A proprietary profile is a profile that is subject to specific contractual provisions between the manufacturer and specialist dealers. Proprietary profiles have geographical protection. In other words, the manufacturer guarantees that within a defined area (usually 50 km) no other dealers are allowed to sell the profile in question. The dealer can use these profiles to pin the cylinders himself, cut keys and make locking systems. Proprietary profiles are subject to restrictions, however, e.g. they cannot be used to make lock cylinders with a VdS certificate.

Protection by patent	Protection by patent refers to the intellectual property right of the owner of a patent, which prevents any economic exploitation of his invention throughout the term of the patent by a third party. The term of a patent is 20 years, starting on the day of its registration.

Protective fitting	A protective fitting as defined by DIN 18257 acts as a safeguard against violent attacks on the lock cylinder.

Rain protection rosette	A rain protection rosette is a protective covering for profile cylinders to protect their pin tumblers against moisture and dust. The shape of the cover is similar to that for a hinged lid

Retaining bolt	See "Retaining pin"

Retaining disk	See "Spring washer"

Retaining pin	Also known as: retaining bolt The retaining pin locates the cylinder core in the housing of the padlock, lever cylinder or round cylinder, and is used to limit lock travel.

Reversible key system	Locking systems of which the keys are equipped with an axially symmetrical key profile and key incisions, so that the key can also be inserted in a position that has been turned through 180 degrees.

Reversible profile	Profile series of which the keys are equipped with an axially symmetrical key profile, so that the key can also be inserted in a position that has been turned through 180 degrees.

Rosette	A rosette is used to cover differences in dimensions and to cover the door opening when a cylinder is installed. It is available for lever, furniture, pressure and round cylinders.

Round cylinder	A round cylinder is a cylinder with a round external contour. It can be used in combination with specially prepared mortise locks or extra locks, individually or in pairs (internal and external cylinder).

Round cylinder with external thread	See "Screw cylinder or lever cylinder"

Scandinavian cylinder	The Scandinavian cylinder is a cylinder with an oval-shaped cross section. It is mainly used in Scandinavian countries in combination with specially prepared mortise locks. Available in this design are external, internal and internal knob-type cylinders.

Screw cylinder	A screw cylinder is a half-cylinder with external thread, which is screwed into a special lock using the external thread.

Seawater resistance	Profile cylinder special equipment for use when exposed to corrosive media. The housing and cylinder cores are always supplied as a chrome-plated version. The lock bit consists of a high-quality sintered metal with a zinc-nickel coating or chrome-plated brass. The spring washer is also made with a zinc-nickel coating. Pinning is provided by brass and nickel silver pins, steel pins for standard drilling protection are replaced by steel pins coated in nickel silver. The case front screws are available as nickel chromium steel or yellow chromalised steel screws. This special equipment is checked in spray mist and climatic testing for corrosion resistance in accordance with DIN 50021-SS.

Second key system	Means of retaining security after the loss of a key without having to replace the cylinder, e.g. in private homes, etc. The cylinders are supplied with two different sets of keys. When the cylinder is delivered, only the keys of the 1st set are used. The keys of the 2nd set must be kept in a safe location and they must not be mixed up with the 1st set of keys. If keys from the 1st set of keys are lost, the lock permutation has to be changed. This is done by locking the cylinder using a key from the second set of keys. To do so, the key has to turned through 360°. From this point on, none of the 1st set of keys may be used to lock the cylinder. If the key that was lost was authorized for several cylinders, then all those cylinders, in so far as they are equipped with a second key system, also have to be locked using the key from the second set of keys

Security card	A credit-card-sized security card is provided for each locking system or blocking mechanism. This is an authorization ID, which entitles the user to place additional orders for this locking system.

Separate interchangeable locking mechanism	A separate interchangeable locking mechanism is used where certain sets of keys have a restricted locking function only. This is made possible by two different sets of keys. Key set 2 can only travel a certain distance in the profile cylinder to operate the latch only. This key cannot move, unlock or lock the catch bolt. By contrast key set 1 can perform the full locking function, i.e. both changing and moving the catch bolt fully.

Shackle diameter	The shackle diameter refers to the diameter of the shackle on a padlock.

Shackle height	The shackle height refers to the clearance between the upper edge of the housing and the lower edge of the inner shackle bow. The shackle height can vary depending on the intended purpose of the padlock.

Shaft contour	Key incisions are not V-shaped, but rather the bases of the core pins are linked to each other by tangential arcs with variable radii, so that a wave-shaped contour is generated.

Standard function of coupling	Also known as: slide coupling Function which when a key has been inserted and turned on one side, prevents a second associated key from being inserted and turned on the opposite cylinder side of the profile double cylinder. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Short cylinder with trihedral bolt head	Profile short cylinder, blind on one side, with 7 mm external trihedral bolt head with dimensions of 9.8/9.8 mm.

Side core pins	Core pins for the pin tumblers of the second tumbler level in the K systems. In contrast to conventional core pins the side core pins are not positioned directly by the key incisions, but are guided indirectly by balls.

Single tumbler lock	The single tumbler lock is the classical mortise lock for a room door. It is operated using a simple cast key with lock bit.

Skuni key cap	The Skuni key cap is a universal key cap. The black plastic bow with metal reinforcement is permanently welded to the key at the factory and it is available with or without transponder

Slide coupling	See "Standard function of coupling"

Sloping and lifting surfaces	Also known as: Inlet bore recess, inlet crown Sloping and lifting surfaces on the key optimize the up-and-down motion of all pin plungers in the cylinder while improving ease of locking

Special equipment	Special equipment refers to lock cylinder equipment that deviates from the standard item supplied, e.g. emergency and hazard function. Special equipment is available at extra cost

Spiral-shaped spring-type straight pin	Pin for fastening a knob onto a knob shaft on the profile knob-type cylinder

Spring-type straight pin	See "Spiral-shaped spring-type straight pin"

Spring washer	Also known as: locking ring, snap ring, circlip, clamp ring, retaining disk Spring washers are components used for securing the axial position of the cylinder core or the knob shaft in the housing. They are fitted into a ring groove of the component to be secured, and they can be used in different material thicknesses and for compensating for axial clearance.

Standard drilling protection	Defined class of drilling protection in accordance with the ABUS Pfaffenhain factory standards. The core and housing pins for the first and third pin tumblers are made of hardened, coated special steel. Minimum drilling protection class for all cylinders that leave the factory assembled.

Standard length	The standard length of the cylinder describes the minimum length specified by the system from the center of the case front threaded bore to the front of the left or right side of the housing. The ABUS Pfaffenhain factory standard differentiates between 5-pin and 6-pin products. The standard length for a 5-pin system is 26.5 mm/26.5 mm and for a 6-pin system 30.5 mm/30.5 mm.

Station plate	A station plate is a metal plate with embossed customer data (address and customer number) for a standard authorization system. The plate is used to transfer the specific data via an imprinter on to an order document.

Steps	Also known as: key notches, notches, incisions Incisions in the surface of a lock bit or key shank, which arrange the moving tumblers. (Wording as per DIN 18252)

Swiss profile cylinder	Also known as: round cylinder in Swiss profile, stepped profile cylinder Ø22 Swiss profile cylinders have a profile shape that offers from DIN 18252 and they are stepped in the area of the pin tumblers. In this area the cylinder cross section is round. They are used as double, half and knob type cylinders specially prepared mortise locks

Technical main key	The technical main key enables external service providers to enter appropriate rooms only (boiler room, refuse areas, etc.). Access to other rooms or flats within the building is not possible.

Threaded hole	Also known as: case front threaded bore The threaded bore is located on the centre of the cylinder housing below the lock bit. Equipped with the standardised nominal thread size M5, it is used for mounting a case front bolt for fastening the profile cylinder to the case front.

Thrust piece	The thrust piece is a component of the half cylinder with a 8-position adjustable lock bit. It is used for adjusting the lock bit position.

Torsional strength	Torsional strength is the resistance of a cylinder when an appropriately shaped tool applies a specific torque in an attempt to turn the cylinder core. The cylinder must be able to withstand this. Test in accordance with DIN EN 1303.

Trademark protection	Trademark protection is protection under civil law and in accordance with criminal law of a registered trademark. The protection lasts ten years and can be extended by another ten years.

Transponder	Radio communication device that records incoming signals and automatically responds to or forwards them. Transponder as a word is made up of the terms transmitter and responder. Transponders can be passive or active. Generally, passive transponders are used in locking systems. Passive transponders are systems used for communication and handling of internal processes which are powered solely from the energy field of the write/read unit. Passive transponders therefore work without their own energy supply.

Tube safe	A tube safe is a part of a key safe which is mounted flush with the brickwork. It is available in lengths of 120 mm or 160 mm.

Tumbler	Part that has to be moved first by the associated key into a specific position before the key can be turned to operate the lock. (Wording as per DIN EN 1303)

Tumbler level	Level that contains several identically designed tumblers in the longitudinal direction. Depending on design, there can be several tumbler levels for each locking system.

Universal blind cylinder	For closure of door openings that are not intended to lock. With coloured clip rosettes for a standard design within the locking system. Sliding mechanism provides variable profile cylinder length.

Unlocking safety	Unlocking safety refers to the degree of difficulty involved in overcoming the locking elements of a locking cylinder, using tools but without force, without causing damage and without any knowledge of the key required.

Unlocking technique	Unlocking technique refers to methods used to manipulate locks so that they can be opened without a key. Both destructive and non-destructive methods may be used: destructive methods: e.g. core removal and boring out non-destructive methods: e.g. picking

VdS	VdS Schadenverhütung GmbH, Zertifizierungsstelle (German Insurance Organization), based in Cologne. This is an association as defined under with private law, to which the majority of property insurance companies are affiliated.

VdS-certified cylinders	are manufactured in accordance with specific guidelines issued by the VdS and they are tested and certified by VDS. They are used in doors that are subject to special requirements placed on them by insurance companies. The cylinder housings are marked at the side with the "VdS" embossed stamp and the model series designation. Only profile double, half and knob type cylinders, which are used in specific factory profiles, are approved.

WC cylinder	The WC cylinder is also known as a knob-type cylinder with a display to show when a WC is occupied. It is equipped with a 90° lock travel limitation. Located on the inside of the cylinder is a knob, and on the outside a groove marked in red. Depending on the position of the groove (vertical or horizontal) it can be seen whether the door is locked from the inside or not

Wear reduction	The use of high-quality components and coatings for the lock cylinder has resulted in an increase in service life in accordance with DIN 18252 of 100 %.

Wire assembly buckle	See Assembly buckle

Other security glossaries

Alarm systems
Home security
Mobile security
Video surveillance
Electronic locking systems & access control

Security glossary: Locking systems

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